1. Types and Nature of Manuscripts

The manuscripts published in the Journal of the Korean Dental Association (J Korean Dent Assoc, hereinafter referred to as "the Journal") are those related to dentistry either directly or indirectly. These include reviews, original articles, case reports, clinical photos, technical reports, letters to the editor, special issues for clinicians, and other related topics. Matters that do not fall under these categories will be reviewed by the editorial board for a decision on publication. Only members of the Korean Dental Association and individuals recognized by the editorial board may submit manuscripts.

2. Publication of Manuscripts

The decision regarding the publication of a manuscript, as well as its order of publication, is determined by the editorial board. Manuscripts that do not comply with these regulations may be suggested for revision or withheld from publication. Manuscripts that have already been published in domestic or international journals cannot be submitted. The responsibility for the content of the manuscript lies with the corresponding author.

3. Submission of Manuscripts

Manuscripts should be submitted through the online manuscript submission site in accordance with the submission guidelines of the Journal. Authors cannot change the content of the manuscript at their discretion after submission.
Online manuscript submission site: http://kda.jams.or.kr

4. Publication and Receipt of Manuscripts

The Journal is published 12 times a year, at the end of each month. Manuscripts are continuously received by the editorial board through the online manuscript submission site.

5. Review of Manuscripts

All submitted manuscripts are reviewed by two or more experts in the relevant field, selected by the editorial board, with the author's affiliation and name kept confidential. Based on the review results, the editorial board will decide whether the manuscript is suitable for publication. Authors may be advised to revise or supplement their manuscripts. If the authors accept the editorial board's recommendations, they must submit a revised manuscript along with a response letter detailing the revisions or additions. The editorial board will make the final decision on publication after a second review.

6. Role of the Editorial Board

The editorial board is responsible for the handling and editing of manuscripts. If necessary, the board may modify the text, including wording and structure, without altering the content. Once submitted, manuscripts will not be returned.

7. Copyright

All copyright ownership related to the content, tables, and figures of the manuscript is held by the Korean Dental Association. All authors must submit a written agreement for the transfer of copyright. When the copyright of the manuscript is transferred to the Association, it is understood that the author has approved the manuscript for publication.

8. Ethical Regulations

• 1) Manuscripts submitted to the Journal must adhere to the following ethical guidelines:

• ① If the research involves human subjects, approval must be obtained from an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or equivalent body that evaluates the ethical aspects of human experimentation. The research must comply with the ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki. Authors must provide sufficient explanation to the research participants or their guardians regarding the purpose of the study and any potential mental or physical harm that may occur during participation. Consent must be obtained, and this must be explicitly stated in the manuscript.
• ② If the research involves animals, the study must comply with the legal regulations related to the care and use of experimental animals, as outlined by the relevant institution or national research committee. The manuscript must describe the measures taken to minimize animal suffering and discomfort. It must be explicitly stated that the experimental process does not violate the ethical guidelines of the research institution or the animal protection laws. The editorial board may request written consent and approval from the ethics committee if necessary.
• ③ When publishing facial photographs of research subjects, the eyes must be covered, and any identifying information in radiographic images must be removed. If it is unavoidable to cover the eyes, the consent of the research subject must be obtained for publication.

• 2) Manuscripts involving falsification, fabrication, plagiarism, improper authorship, or inappropriate duplication of data will not be accepted for publication.
• 3) Submitted and accepted manuscripts must adhere to the following:

• ① Manuscripts that have been published or are under review in other academic journals cannot be submitted to this Journal, and manuscripts published or under review in this Journal cannot be submitted to other academic journals.
• ② Members who violate these regulations or general ethical principles of research will be prohibited from submitting manuscripts to the Journal for a period of two years. Other related matters will be governed by the research ethics regulations of the Journal.

9. Manuscript Submission Guidelines

1) Manuscript Preparation
The manuscript must be written in Hangul or MS-Word, using A4 paper with 3 cm margins on all sides. The text should be in 10-point font size, with double spacing.

2) Language

• ① The manuscript should be written in either Hangul or English.
• ② Manuscripts in Hangul must follow proper Hangul spelling and use the most recent dental terminology from the "Dental Terminology Dictionary," the "Korean Medical Association's Medical Terminology," and the most recently published "Essential Medical Terminology." If there is no appropriate translation for medical terms, proper nouns, or drug names, the original language can be used. If the meaning of a translation is unclear, the original term should be included in parentheses when first used and subsequently use the translated term.
• ③ Foreign language terms should be written with the correct capitalization: proper nouns, place names, and people's names should start with a capital letter, while other words should be in lowercase.
• ④ If certain terms are used repeatedly, abbreviations may be used. The full term should be written the first time, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses, and subsequently, only the abbreviation should be used. Abbreviations should be used sparingly and only those commonly used in dental research.
• ⑤ Measurement units should follow the International System of Units (SI). The manuscript should begin with an English abstract, and page numbers should be centered at the bottom.

3) Original Article
The order of sections in the manuscript should be as follows: Title Page, English Abstract, Introduction, Materials (or Subjects) and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conflicts of Interest, References, Figure Legends, Figures, and Tables. For English manuscripts, the order should be: Cover Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conflicts of Interest, References, Figure Legends, Figures, and Tables.

4) Cover Page

• ① The title should be in Hangul with no more than 50 characters. Use lowercase letters unless uppercase is essential. The title should be concise while accurately reflecting the content, and abbreviations should be avoided.
• ② The authors' names should be followed by their institutional affiliation indicated by shoulder numbers (without parentheses) under each author's name. If there are two or more authors, list them in order of their contributions, separated by commas. Authors from the same institution should share the same shoulder number. Do not include academic degrees. Affiliations should be listed in the order: university, department, research institute, hospital, and department (or research institute). For English institutions: department, research institute, university, city, country.
• ③ Include ORCIDs for all authors under their names.
• ④ Below the authors’ affiliations, include a shortened title (running title) in Hangul (up to 20 characters) and in English (up to 10 words).
• ⑤ The title and author information should be centered on the page.
• ⑥ Corresponding Author: Include the degree and position (Dr. or Prof.), name, institutional affiliation, and email address. This information should be in English.
• ⑦Funding, conference presentations, acknowledgments, and any announcements should be included under the corresponding author’s information.

5) Abstract

• ① The English abstract should be no longer than 250 words. For research papers, the abstract should be divided into Purpose, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Abbreviations and references should not be included in the abstract. After the abstract, provide 3-5 keywords, preferably from MeSH (https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search).
• ② The title of the abstract should be no more than 30 words, and the authors' names should be in first name-last name order, with the first letter capitalized and hyphenated. If there are multiple authors, separate names with commas. Institutions should be listed in the order: department, research institute, university, city, and country. Do not include academic degrees.

6) Main Text

• ① Introduction:
  The introduction should clearly and concisely present the study’s objectives. Only include background information that directly supports the objectives, avoiding general information unrelated to the study.
• ② Materials (or Subjects) and Methods:
  The study design, materials (or subjects), and methods should be described in sequence. Experimental methods should be detailed enough for other researchers to replicate, including the data collection process, analysis methods, and bias control methods. Measurements should use Arabic numerals, and units should follow the metric system. Equipment, reagents, and drugs should include the product name, manufacturer, city, and country in parentheses. When referring to teeth, use names (e.g., upper right first molar) rather than tooth numbers. Statistical methods used in the study should be clearly described.
• ③ Results:
  Results should be presented clearly and logically. In experimental studies, statistical analysis should be used when there is significant biological variation. If tables are used, do not duplicate the table content in the text; highlight key trends and points.
• ④ Discussion:
  The discussion should focus on new and important observations, emphasizing their meaning and limitations. Avoid discussing historical or textbook information that is not directly relevant to the study. Compare the results with those of other studies and explain their significance. The conclusion should be part of the discussion and not a separate section.
• ⑤ References:
  

• a. References should be selected from reliable academic journals, and references that are difficult to search for should be excluded as much as possible. It is recommended to limit the number of references to 50. References should be written in English, unless it is impossible, and special attention should be paid to ensure accuracy according to the specified rules. The listed references must be cited in the main text. The references should be numbered in Arabic numerals in the order of citation and listed sequentially. If the document is not in English, the language used should be indicated in parentheses at the end of the reference.
• b. When citing references in the manuscript, if the author’s name appears in the text, write the surname in English and place the year of publication in parentheses followed by the citation number. When citing in the middle or end of a sentence, the citation number should come before a comma or period. If there are two authors, both authors' surnames should be listed, and if there are more than three authors, list the first author’s surname followed by "et al." When there are two or more references, separate them with a comma and list them in numerical order with the citation number and a parenthesis at the end.
• c. Author names should be written with the surname first and the first initial of the first name in uppercase letters, with only the first two letters of the first name included. For journal articles, list the author's name, article title, journal name (or book title), year of publication, volume, and page numbers. For books, the author's name, title of the book, edition, city of publication, publisher, year of publication, and the page numbers of the citation should be listed. For theses, the author's name, title of the thesis, issuing institution, and year of publication should be provided. For references with six or fewer authors, all authors should be listed, and for seven or more authors, list the first six and then "et al." The author's surname should be fully written with the first letter capitalized, and the first letter of the first name should also be capitalized. Separate names with commas.
• d. The title of the article in references should have only the first letter of the title and proper nouns capitalized. Scientific names should not be in italics. For journals indexed in Index Medicus, use the official abbreviation of the journal, and for non-indexed journals, use the unique abbreviation set by that journal. The format should be as follows:
• e. Journal Article
  Musri N, Christie B, Ichwan SJ, Cahyanto A. Deep learning convolutional neural network algorithms for the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries on periapical radiographs: A systematic review. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51: 237-242. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.20210074
• f. Book
  Mallya SM, Lam EW. White and Pharoah's oral radiology: principles and interpretation. 8th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier. 2019. 대한영상치의학교수협의회. 영상치의학. 제5판. 서울: 나래출판사; 2015.
• g. Chapter in Book
  Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 465-478.
• h. Pre-Published Paper
  Heo MS, Kim JE, Hwang JJ, Han SS, Kim JS, Yi WJ, Park IW. Artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial radiology: what is currently possible? Dentomaxillofac Radiol (in press).
• i. Thesis
  Shin JW. Radiological and clinical features of medication-related osteomyelitis of the jaw (MROMJ): comparison between osteoporosis and oncology patients (Dissertation). Seoul: Seoul National University; 2018.
• j. If the journal article has a DOI, the DOI number should be included at the end.
  Example: Kang JH, Jung S, Cho A, Park MG, Jo HH. The effect of ultrasonic file sizes on smear layer removal in passive ultrasonic irrigation. J Korean Dent Assoc 2020; 58: 276-283. https://doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2020.58.5.001

• ⑥ Figure Legends

• a. Number the figure legends in the order they are cited in the text using Arabic numerals (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, …).
• b. The legends should be written in English on a separate page and should describe the figure in the present tense, not in the form of a clause or paragraph.
• c. For microscope images, the staining method and magnification should be recorded.

• ⑦ Figures

• a. Figures should be submitted as high-resolution original digital images in common formats such as bmp, tif, jpg, etc. Each figure must be saved as an independent file.
• b. Clinical photos (including color photos), radiographic images, etc., should be submitted with a resolution of at least 300 dpi, while illustrations, graphs, and flowcharts should have a resolution of at least 900 dpi. For black-and-white images, submit them in black-and-white mode. Images with low resolution may be grounds for rejection.
• c. When using patient images, make sure that no personal information is displayed. If histopathological images are included, the staining method and magnification should be specified (e.g., H&E stain, X200).
• d. If more than one image is required for the same figure number, the figures should be labeled with an Arabic numeral followed by a letter (e.g., Figure 1a, Figure 1b, …).
• e. If arrows or text need to be added to a photo, use white, gray, or black to make these markings. The size should be large enough to be clearly distinguishable in the printed version of the journal. Descriptions of each marking must be included in the figure legend.
• f. When referring to figures in the text, cite them as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, …
• g. Color figures may be printed in color upon the author's request, and the costs will be borne by the author.

• ⑧ Tables

• a. Tables should be written in English and Arabic numerals, with the table title capitalized only on the first letter and presented in a clear phrase or clause form. The title should not be written as a complete sentence.
• b. The table should include data with at least four rows, and the entire content should not exceed one page.
• c. Number the tables in the order they are cited in the text.
• d. Avoid using abbreviations whenever possible. If abbreviations are necessary, list the full terms at the bottom of the table in the order they appear in the table.
• e. When using symbols, follow the order: *, †, ‡, §, ¶, **, ††, ‡‡, and provide explanations in footnotes at the bottom.
• f. The content of the table should be easy to understand and should be able to function independently.
• g. When citing a table in the text, refer to it as Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc. Tables cannot be cited in forms like Table 1a, Table 1b, etc.
• h. Tables identical to those in previously published articles cannot be used.

• ⑨ Types of Manuscripts Other Than Original Articles

• a. Review Articles
  Authors may submit a review article or the editorial board may request a review from an author they recommend.
  The English abstract should be written in the same manner as the original article abstract, but depending on the content, it can be written as a single paragraph without distinguishing the sections.
  The body of the article should generally follow the same structure as the original article, but if this is not possible, it should be organized as Introduction, Main Text, and Discussion. The conclusion should be included at the end of the discussion without a separate section.
  Other matters should follow the same style as the original article.
  
• b. Case Reports
  The English abstract should be written in one paragraph and limited to 150 words.
  The body should be organized into Introduction, Case, and Discussion. The conclusion should be included at the end of the discussion without a separate section.
  Other matters should follow the same style as the original article.
  
• c. Clinical Photographs
  Clinical photographs are educational manuscripts focused on images and descriptions. These will only be published if they contain sufficient educational content.
  The English abstract should follow the same format as for case reports. The body should be organized into Introduction, Main Text, and Discussion. The conclusion should be included at the end of the discussion without a separate section. However, depending on the content, the discussion section may be omitted.
  Sufficient photographic materials and appropriate descriptions must be provided for educational purposes.
• d. Technical Reports
  Technical reports introduce new technologies, equipment, diagnostic/treatment methods in the field of dentistry. Sufficient information must be provided, including images, to ensure that readers fully understand the content, and only those that meet this educational purpose will be published.
  The manuscript should follow the same structure as a review article.
• e. Letters to the Editor
  Letters may include critiques of published papers or scientific opinions on specific topics that align with the objectives of the journal. These letters should not include an abstract and should be written in the order: main text, then references.
  
• f. Special Issues
  The editorial board may request manuscripts from authors for special issues aimed at enhancing the knowledge of readers. These manuscripts should be written in the format of either a review article or a clinical photograph, depending on the content.
  
• g. Other types of manuscripts that align with the publication's objectives may be published based on the decision of the editorial board.

• ⑩ Other

• a. Any matters not specified in these regulations will be determined by the editorial board of the association.
• b. The revised submission guidelines will take effect from January 1, 2022.

10. Appeals

If the author of a manuscript rejected for publication disagrees with the review results, they may submit a detailed reason for their appeal to the Editor-in-Chief via email (scientific@cho.com) within 14 days from the notification of the review result.
The editorial board will review the appeal and inform the author of their decision.

11. Publication and Additional Booklet Costs

The author(s) are responsible for the production costs of the manuscript and any additional booklet that may be required for the publication.